ENSO stands for El Nino-Southern Oscillation. It is a periodic climate pattern involving temperature fluctuations in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean, along with changes in atmospheric pressure across the Pacific basin. ENSO significantly influences global weather and climate patterns.

It has three main phases:

1-  El Nino

       Description:    Unusually warm ocean temperatures in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific.

       Effects:            Wetter conditions in the southern United States and Peru.

                                 Drier weather in Australia, Indonesia, and India.

                                 Weak trade winds.

                                  Disruption of marine ecosystems due to changes in nutrient upwelling.             


2-  La Nina                 

          Description:    Unusually cold ocean temperatures in the same region.

        Effects:            Drier conditions in the southern United States.

                                 Wetter conditions in Australia and Southeast Asia.

                                  Stronger trade winds.

                                  Enhanced Atlantic hurricane activity.    


ENSO (El Nino-Southern Oscillation) Part-2